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Contraceptives Available in Nepal
| FROM ISSUE # 112 (April 2005) | IN THIS ISSUE | |||
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Condoms: Pills: Personal Lubricants/ Spermicides Injections IUD (Intra Uterine Device) Norplant contraceptive implant Emergency Contraceptives (EC) Places That Officer CAC Services in Nepal
The male condom is a latex sheath that is rolled over a guy's penis, to prevent secretions including semen from entering the vagina. Condoms are 97% effective and they protect against most STDs if used consistently and correctly. The condom may slip off during sex. Rough handling may cause the condom to break. If a condom breaks or slips off during sex, contact your doctor or a clinic for emergency contraception a.s.a.p.
Some of the Condoms available in Nepal are:
Number One condoms
Dhaal Deluxe condom
Panther condom
OK condoms
About 100 million women all over the world are relying on it and it is one of the most prescribed meds. The Pill is a contraceptive suitable for all healthy women, regardless of age, and it should be used long-term, at least several months in a row. Some women only want to take the Pill when they are in a stable relationship and stop taking it when the relationship ends. This is not a good idea, because it puts you at risk of unintended pregnancy before you have had enough time to adjust to a new contraceptive method. The Pill regulates your cycle, reduces menstrual flow, reduces acne, protects against certain cancers and is totally reversible. The pill is 99.9% effective, making it the most reliable contraception available. The user failure rate is 3%. The Pill doesn't protect against sexually transmitted infections and it may come with a few side effects, such as irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, weight gain, headaches and nausea. These side effects usually disappear after a few months.
Some of the Pills available in Nepal are:
Nilocon White oral contraceptive
Sunaulo Gulaf oral contraceptive
OK low dose oral contraceptives
OK Pills for breastfeeding mothers progestagen only pill
Lubricants are not a very protective or efficient means of contraception, they are mostly used to enhance sexual pleasure or make penetration easier. The only way a lubricant is effective as a contraceptive method is if it contains a chemical called nonoxynol-9 (Spermicide). Lubricants should be used along with another method of contraception, such as a condom, because alone they are not highly effective. Along with protecting against pregnancy, spermicide also protects against bacterial infections and pelvic inflammatory disease. Offers some protection against STDs, like chlamydia. Spermicide can be messy. It must be inserted right before sex, because it's usually only effective for one hour. It may irritate the entrance of the vagina or the tip of the penis. Using a spermicide alone can increase the risk of HIV transmission. The failure rate of spermicides used alone is between 6% (perfect use) and 21% (typical use).
A Lubricant available in Nepal is:
Number One personal lubricant
The three-month injection is a hormonal birth control method that is administered by a needle in the muscle of the arm or buttocks every 12-13 weeks. It is 99.7% effective in preventing pregnancy. It stops your ovaries from releasing an egg every month (ovulation). It also thins the lining of the uterus. With this method of birth control, you only have to think about it 4 times a year! It is reversible. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STDs) or HIV. A woman's return to fertility with this method can be longer than with the oral contraceptive pill. It takes an average of 9 months after your last injection to return to your regular menstrual cycle pattern. The first injection should be given during the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. It becomes fully effective 24 hours after the injection. Your next injection is given within 12-13 weeks of your last injection. Before you agree to have it, please bear in mind the saying, 'Once it's in, it's in', hence it is advisable that you consult a Gynecologist or a registered health worker before administering the injection.
Some of the Injections available in Nepal are:
Sangini injectable contraceptive
OK-3 three-month injectables
OK-1 one-month injectables
The IUD is a small, T-shaped device with a copper wire. Inserted into the uterus, the copper wire changes the chemistry in the uterus and destroys sperm. The copper IUD provides up to 5 years of contraception and has no negative impact on future fertility. It fails in only 1 of 100 users per year. The IUD should not alter the timing of your periods. The copper IUD may be a good choice for you if you are looking for a long-term, reliable method of contraception or you are breastfeeding (it has no effect on breast milk). These devices generally make your periods heavier, longer and may make them more painful. You may wonder how on earth the IUD can be put into the womb. It's very simple. All IUDs fold up so that they can go inside a medical instrument, which looks like a drinking straw. The doctor or nurse can push this 'straw' through your vagina and then through your cervix – and so into your womb. Finally, the doctor or nurse ejects the IUD from the 'drinking straw' - and it's in! It is extremely important that you consult a doctor before going for this contraceptive method as if not done by a professional it maybe extremely painful and result in side effects. The IUD can also be used post-coitally. A 'coil' can be inserted as emergency contraception, up to five days after unprotected sex. It works well but isn't 100 per cent effective.
An IUD available in Nepal is:
OK IUD
Norplant implants are 6 matchstick-size rods inserted into the upper arm. After you are given a local aesthetic, insertion takes about 7 to 10 minutes. Usually it does not hurt. Among typical couples that initiate use of Norplant implants, 2 in 1,000 will experience an accidental pregnancy in the first year. Norplant implants do not protect you from the AIDS virus or other infections. You may be able to see the implants under the skin, or the skin over them may get darker. You can get Norplant implants from your doctor, nurse practitioner, nurse midwife, health department, or family planning clinic. Not all clinicians insert implants, so check in advance. Be sure the clinician putting your implants in is experienced at removing implants and will remove them.
In the heat of the moment, you have sex without contraception or the condom breaks or any number of other scenarios that can lead to unprotected intercourse and the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy. Here's a solution to such emergencies, and it's called emergency contraception (EC). Unlike other forms of contraception, EC can be used after intercourse to prevent pregnancy. After unprotected sex, you have a window of about 3 days or 72 hours to use it though the earlier you take it the better. Up to 99 per cent of women who use them are able to avoid an unwanted pregnancy. Emergency contraceptives work by altering the cervical mucus so that it becomes "hostile" to sperm. They also thin out the lining of your uterus, making it very difficult for a fertilised egg to implant. Normally two pills are provided in an EC pack the first one has to be taken within 72 hours of having unprotected sex and the second 12 hours after that. In case Postinor 2 is not available, the normal oral contraceptive pills can be used as an alternative. Four normal Nilokan white or Sunaulo Gulaf pills can be taken as the first dose within 72 hours of having unprotected sex and four more should be taken as the second dose 12 hours after the first dose. This method is not an abortive technique. There maybe slight side effects such as nausea or vomiting, if you vomit within an hour of taking the pill, the first dose has to be re-taken. This method should not be used as a contraceptive method and only be used in emergency cases.
The Pills that can be taken for Emergency Contraception in Nepal are:
Nilokon White pills
Sunaulo Gulaf Pills
Postinor2 emergency contraceptive
Government
1. Maternity Hospital, Thapathali
2. Bheri Zonal Hospital, Nepalgunj
3. Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara
4. Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal
5. Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar
6. Seti Zonal Hospital, Dhangadi
7. Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Janakpur
8. Bardiya District Hospital, Gularia
9. Surkhet District Hospital, Surkhet
10. Baglung District Hospital, Baglung
11. Mahendra Hospital, Dang
12. Solukhumbu District Hospital, Phaflu
13. Dhading District Hospital, Dhading
14. Illam District Hospital, Illam
15. Mahakali Zonal Hospital, Kanchanpur
16. Myagdi District Hospital, Myagdi
17. Gorkha District Hospital, Gorkha
18. Dhankuta District Hospital, Dhankuta
19. Arghakhanchi District Hospital
20. Prithvi Chandra Hospital, Nawalparasi
21. Narayani Sub-Regional Hospital, Birgunj
22. Jumla District Hospital, Jumla
23. Dadeldhura District Hospital, Dadeldhura
24. Baitadi District Hospital, Baitadi
25. Dailekh District Hospital, Dailekh
26. Bhim Hospital, Bhairahawa, Rupanedhi
27. Manang District Hospital, Manang
28. Tanhu District Hospital, Tanhu
29. Trishuli District Hospital, Nuwakot
30. Parbat District Hospital, Parbat
Non-Government
1. Kathmandu Medical College (Pvt) Ltd,
Sinamangal, Kathmandu
2. Kathmandu Model Hospital, Exhibition Road, Kathmandu
3. Nepal Medical College, Jorpati, Kathmandu
4. Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohlapur, Nepalgunj
5. RHTRA, Kupondole, Kathmandu
6. Family Planning Association Of Nepal, Pulchowk, Kathmandu
7. Family Planning Association Of Nepal, Itahari, Kathmandu
8. Family Planning Association Of Nepal, Chitwan, Kathmandu
9. Meri Stopes Center, Satdobato, Kathmandu
10. Meri Stopes Center, Chhuchepati, Kathmandu
11. Meri Stopes Center, Birgunj
12. Meri Stopes Center, Lalbandhi
13. Meri Stopes Center, Chitwan
14. Meri Stopes Center, Biratnagar
15. Meri Stopes Center, Koholpur, Nepalgunj